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Technology
Challenge Study Guide
Parts of the
Computer
Input: (Human user puts
information into the computer)
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Scanner
Processing: (Computer
manipulates and processes data)
RAM - Random Access Memory
CPU - Central Processing unit
ROM - Read Only Memory
Hard Drive - Storage
Thumb Drive, Floppy Drive - Portable Storage
Video Card - process graphics
Output: (Computer gives
information back to the human)
Monitor
Speakers
Printer
Storage:
Hard Disk - Writable storage (40 to 500 GB)
Thumb Drive / USB Drive - Writable storage (1 to 8 GB)
Floppy Disk (About 1.4 MB)
CD-ROM - Compact Disk Read Only Memory (About 700 MB)
DVD-ROM - Like a CD ROM but holds more information (About 4 Gigabytes)
CD-RW - Writable CD
DVD-RW - Writable DVD
Computer
Communication with other computers:
Ethernet - Way for
computers to share data and communicate
Cat-5 = Type of cable
used with Ethernet
Router: Used to direct IP
traffic
IP = Internet Protocal
IP Address: Internet
Protocal Address (192.168.0.1) (127.0.0.1)
WI-FI = wireless radio
communication using wireless router.
USB = Universal Serial Bus.
Way for hardware to communicate with computer.
Modem: Older way for
computers to communicate using phone lines.
Editing
Functions:
Copy (Control - C)
Cut (Control - X)
Paste (Control - V)
Text
Editing Functions:
Bold (Control - B)
Italic (Control - I)
Underline
(Control - U)
Internet
Domains:
.com - Commercial
.net - Network
.edu - Education (Schools, Colleges, and Universities)
.gov - Government
Internet
Terms:
URL: Uniform
Resource Locater
HTTP: Hypertext
Transfer Protocal
HTTPS: Secure Hypertext
Transfer Protocal
HTML: Hypertext Markup
Language
File types: see nebomusic.net/filetypes
History
of Computers:
ENIAC: early computer
from 1940's - programmed with knobs and switches. Used for military.
IBM - first programmable
computers in 1960's. Used in business
IBM Personal Computer -
around 1980
MAC (Apple) 1984
DOS - Disk Operating
System (Very old Operating system for computers)
GUI - Graphical User
Interface (Windows - what we use today.)
Computer
Security Threats:
Virus - Program that
infects and damages computer data.
Worms - Programs that
"crawl" through the internet and infect machines.
Trojans - Programs
that users download by accident - thinking they are something else
(like Trojan Horse)
Phishing - bad websites
that disguise themselves as good websites. Tries to trick users.
Windows
Microsoft Office Programs:
Word - Used for Text editing, writing papers, letters, documents (.doc)
Spreadsheet - Used to manipulate numbers and lists. Make charts and
graphs. (.xls)
PowerPoint - Used to make presentations for screens (.ppt)
Frontpage - used to make websites and webpages (.html)
File
Size:
1 Bit = Smallest peice of information - a 0 or a 1 (bit)
1 Byte = 8 Bits (B)
1 Kilobyte = 1000 Bytes (KB)
1 MegaByte (MB) = 1,000,000 Bytes (MB)
1 GigaByte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 Bytes
1 TeraByte = 1,000,000,000,000 Bytes (TB)
Safe
Internet Usage:
Never open emails and download attachments from people you don't know.
Never give out personal information (First and Last names, address)
over the internet.
Do not install software from strangers.
Do not download videos and music illegally.
Email Mr.
Michaud
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